Italian Renaissance master Andrea Palladio (1508‱580) is considered one of the most influential architects of the last 500 years. From September 3 to December 31, “Palladio and His Legacy: A Transatlantic Journey” will be on view at the Heinz Architectural Center at Carnegie Museum of Art, presenting 31 rare, original drawings from the outstanding collection of the Royal Institute of British Architects Trust, alongside models and equally rare books. The exhibition reveals how Palladio’s designs evolved from his study of antiquity, thus uniting classical Roman design elements with Renaissance advances in architecture.
The enduring contemporary style Palladio created spread throughout Italy and Great Britain in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries, but it was the United States that most fully embraced his vision as a living tradition, from colonial times to the present. Thomas Jefferson called Palladio’s work the “bible” for architectural design, and Palladio’s influence is evident on some of the most iconic structures in America, from the US Supreme Court to the Capitol building.
The materials on display include original drawings, rare books and contemporary models. The exhibit examines the development of Palladio’s design sensibility through early sketches that show unfinished and traced-over areas, as well as final presentation drawings. Bas-relief models created and loaned by prominent contemporary model maker Timothy Richards bring some of the drawings to three-dimensional life. This combination of drawings and models clearly demonstrates Palladio’s influence on early American domestic architecture and monumental buildings.
The architect’s renowned publication I Quattro Libri dell’Architettura (Four Books on Architecture), published in 1570, contains specific villa designs that, when compared to models of landmark colonial American mansions such as Drayton Hall and Mount Airy, illustrate the influence of Palladio and his English admirers on American taste. Together, the materials in the exhibition reveal his forward-thinking democratic design sensibility: Palladio believed that good architecture should improve people’s lives and solve problems, as well as add beautiful villas, churches, public buildings, farm residences and even barns to the landscape.
The exhibit features not only preliminary drawings for I Quattro Libri, but also a copy that was owned by influential English architect Richard Boyle, third earl of Burlington. Its graphic design, particularly its sequencing of text and illustrations, became a model for subsequent architectural publications; the book is still considered a major reference on the proportion, harmony and beauty of classical architecture.
The drawings and related architectural models in the exhibition illustrate the close connection between the architect’s life story and his practice. Of particular note is Palladio’s study and interpretation of Roman architecture. He trained as a stonemason in the Italian city of Vicenza, then part of the Republic of Venice. There, he sketched the Roman warehouses of Emperor Trajan at Ostia, which include many design elements that he later incorporated in his Basilica Palladiana in Vicenza, 1549. Likewise, his study of the Temple of Minerva at Assisi anticipates his design for the Palazzo Valmarana in Vicenza, 1565.
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